Full grain leather is a natural product, which breathes, adjusts to body temperature within minutes, and acquires character over time. Individual hides are separated into layers prior to tanning. The top layer (top grain) is most desirable. Lower quality leather (splits), are enhanced or have the natural grain sanded away and then an imitation grain pressed onto the surface.

Leather is dyed with aniline, which may be clear, or of a specific colour. Leather with fewer colour content will feel softer to the touch.

Characteristics
Hides are graded, separated and grouped into categories. Full grain leather looks like natural wood, is soft to the touch and warm looking. Each hide has its own unique characteristics, which give it a distinctive style and character. These markings of natural origins, add to the appeal and overall look of leather furniture.

Grain Variations in the grain are common with natural leather. Specific parts of the same hide are more stretched or relaxed depending on where they were located (eg. back vs. belly).

Shade The same hide has different natural characteristics. Dye is absorbed in different quantities depending on grain, density and process.

Wrinkles These appear as a result of natural changes in cowhides for the same reasons they do in humans.

Stretch Marks Variations in the grain are common with natural leather. Specific parts of the same hide are more stretched or relaxed depending on where they were located (eg. back vs. belly).

Veining Growth marks and veins are an indication of the age of the animal.

Common Terminology
HIDE: skin of a full grown steer

TOP GRAIN: the uppermost layer of hide.

FULL GRAIN: top grain leather in its natural state with no correction used.

HALF GRAIN: lightly buffed without embossing to keep its natural look.

CORRECTED GRAIN: leather that has had an artificial pigment/grain embossed onto it after the defects have been buffed out.

SPLITS: the underside or second layer of the cowhide. They are used on the tightly pulled areas of upholstery where the feel is not as important (outarm and outback). The cost savings of this keep leather affordable.